Addo Elephant National Park: landscape and origins
114 elephants shot in two years, then in 1931 a park for the last eleven.
Hunters and then farmers pushed the elephants back in the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1919 farmers demanded their extermination; a Major Pretorius appointed by the government shot 114 animals in 1919 and 1920.
Then public opinion changed. In 1931 the park was proclaimed with just over 2,000 hectares, for the eleven remaining elephants. Because no fence held them, the conflicts continued until park manager Graham Armstrong built a fence of tram rails and lift cables in 1954.
The elephant bull Hapoor dominated the herd from 1944 to 1968. His head hangs in the interpretive centre, and a waterhole bears his name.
SANParks: Addo, natural and cultural history ↗
The park in numbers
- Founded
- 1931
- Elephants in 1931
- 11
- Culled 1919–1920
- 114
- Original area
- just over 2,000 ha
- Armstrong fence
- 1954, 2,270 ha
- Elephants today
- more than 600










