Quttinirpaaq National Park: landscape and origins
Quttinirpaaq means “land at the top of the world” in Inuktitut. The park protects Canada’s eastern High Arctic: ice caps, worn-down mountains, polar desert, and a thermal oasis in between.
More than a third of the area lies under ice. The icefields are up to 900 metres (2,953 ft) thick, and nunataks rise from them, isolated mountains of over 2,500 metres (8,202 ft). Continuous permafrost underlies the entire park; the thaw layer is thin, so plants only grow where moisture remains. Sedges, grasses, mosses and lichens dominate in the mountains.
The Lake Hazen basin is the exception. Sheltered by south-facing mountains, supplied by glacier water and influenced by the West Greenland Current, it is warmer and wetter than anything around it. Here lie extensive wet tundra meadows, and here live Arctic hare, lemming, ermine, Arctic fox, Arctic wolf, muskox and Peary caribou, as well as snow geese, red-throated loons, eiders, rock ptarmigan, snow bunting, turnstones and plovers.
The park authority writes one sentence that says a lot about this place: the animals are so unused to people that they show no fear. Foxes and wolves may come closer out of curiosity, and can transmit rabies. Muskoxen charge if they feel threatened.
Three species are under special watch: Porsild’s bryum, a moss, is considered threatened; the polar bear of special concern; the Peary caribou endangered, with climate change as the greatest threat. People have travelled here for thousands of years; archaeological sites go back up to 4,000 years, often as tent rings, fox traps and food caches, hardly recognisable to untrained eyes.
The park in numbers
- Established
- 1988
- Area
- 37,775 km² (14,585 sq mi), Canada’s second-largest park
- Marine area
- about 2,375 km²
- Glaciated
- 36 per cent
- Ice thickness
- up to 900 metres (2,953 ft)
- Highest mountain
- Barbeau Peak, 2,616 m (8,583 ft)
- Freshwater fish
- one species: Arctic char
- Migratory birds
- about 30 species
- Daylight
- 24 hours from May to August
- Darkness
- 24 hours from November to February
- Archaeological sites
- up to 4,000 years old
- Nearest health centre
- Resolute Bay








